الملخص الإنجليزي
This thesis comparatively examined the theological issues in the Eastern
and Maghribi Ibadhi thought in the sixth and seventh Hijri centuries, by
focusing on the Mujaz of Abu Ammar Abd al-Kafi al-Warjilani and AlNur of al-Asam, and locating them in their general intellectual context and
their responsiveness to the requirements of their environments.
The thesis included a preamble and three chapters. The preamble dealt with
a brief statement of the political and cultural conditions of the Islamic
world in general and the Ibadi environment in the East and Maghrib in
particular, with a statement of ideas that lived and chatted in Oman and the
Maghreb. The first chapter dealt with the most important topics of divinity
and related criticism of the philosophical and non-monotheistic religions
ideas. The second chapter comparatively discussed the most important
issues of humanities and eschatology. The third chapter was based on
studying and analyzing the two books' approaches in their presentation of
methodological issues related to their ways of proofing.
The study concluded several results, including: the agreement of the
Eastern and Maghrebi Ibadhi thought on the origins of divinity issues and
general Kalam opinions. However, they differed in some sub-issues, such
as the authority of reason in some legal duties. Based on the position of the
Maghribi in denying the authority of the abstract reason, their books
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focused on criticizing the position of the Mu'tazila and its most important
pillars, while the Mu'tazilah discussion was absent regarding this issue in
the Eastern works for the convergence of the two schools' positions.
Moreover, the oriental rooting differs from the Maghribi one regarding the
theory of Kasb, as the oriental Ibadhi theory followed the same view as
Abu Al-Hassan Al-Ash'ari, while the Maghribi scholars focused on
analyzing the human acts in itself, which led them to a new vision. In
addition to that, The Maghribi Ibadhism has rejected the theory of the
individual essence, while their Eastern colleagues have recognized it and
carefully studied it.
The study showed that the comparisons between the opinions of different
schools of thought in the Maghrib were broader and deeper due to the
multiplicity of ideas in that area, while oriental Ibadhi books have not focused
on the subtle differences between their views and the others' because of the
uni-intellectual orientation in their environment. The Mujaz combined details
of issues in terms of proofs and methodology of thinking, while this aspect
was not revealed in the book of al-Nur, nor in most of the Omani authorship
at that time.
