الملخص الإنجليزي
This thesis dealt with issues of the creation of human acts, the kasb,
and the istita'a in the Ibadhi and Mutazili thoughts from a comparative
viewpoint. It consisted of an introduction, three chapters, and a
conclusion. The first chapter studied the human action in both thoughts,
starting with the historical dimension of the issue, and its development,
then, it discussed the proofs of both groups, and showed aspects of
agreement and difference between them. The second chapter was devoted
to the concept of earning: kasb, so the study linguistically and
terminologically defined the concept of earning, and demonstrated its
implications in the Holy Quran and Sunnah, then it addressed the issue of
historical origination of the earning statement and how it developed
between the two parties, and focused on the proofs of the two parties and
discussed the aspects of agreement and difference between them. The
third chapter dealt with the issue of power: istita'a, then discussed its
concept and semantic development and analyzed the proofs of both
groups and highlighted the time of power and its validity.
The study reached a set of results, the most prominent of which are: The
term "the creation of acts" was not used by Mu'tazilites, because they
attribute the action to God, hence this idea was created and propagated by
their opponents. The Mu'tazila just proved man's responsibility in
contradiction to the sayings of the Jabriyya, and they agree on this with
the Ibadis. As for Ibadhis, the idea of the "creation of acts" was a
response to the Mu'tazila and the Jabriyya. The thesis showed that there
is no disagreement between the Ibadhis and the Mu'tazilites in the
responsibility of the man over his actions except in rhetoric. Ibadi and
Mu'tazilah agree that God Almighty made Man able to acquire his action,
with a created capacity in him; and Man is responsible for the work he
does, whether good or bad. Ibadi defined the gain in the idiomatic sense,
so they expanded the concept, while Mu'tazilites remained with the
linguistic perspective of the term. Al-Ibadiyah and most Mu'tazilites
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agreed that the ability is the health and safety of Man, while they differed
regarding the survival of power and its suitability for the opposites. The
study confirmed the existence of a convergence in inference to Istita'a in
al-Ash'ari's Luma' and Basawi's Jami', so what we find both books is
almost identica
