الملخص الإنجليزي
This dissertation consists of two main parts: a study and an
analysis. The study is divided into two chapters .
The first chapter, "The Evidence of Creation," provides
definitions of creation from both linguistic and terminological
perspectives. It then explores various viewpoints on the relationship
between Allah and the world, explains the proof of creation and its
premises, and presents scientific evidence and examples supporting
the concept of the world's creation. The second chapter, "The
Existence of the Non-Existent," defines the concepts of "thing" and
"non-existence" both linguistically and terminologically. It presents
the arguments for and against the existence of the non-existent,
discusses the implications of considering the non-existent as
something, and includes the opinions of Al-Jaitali on these issues .
The second part of the dissertation is a critical analysis of the text
from the chapter "The Condition of Monotheism for the Validity of
Acts of Worship" to the chapter "Distinguishing between the Names
and Attributes of Allah in Permissibility of Inquiry ".
Key findings of the dissertation indicate a consensus on the
existence of phenomena and the necessity for every phenomenon to
have a cause. However, there is disagreement on the nature of the
relationship between the phenomenon and its cause. The majority of
the Mu'tazilites argue that considering the non-existent as something
means it is known and can be spoken about, regarding the terminology
and expression of the non-existent as a "thing" or "self ".
Al-Jaitali's methodology combines transmission and extensive
explanation, drawing from significant scholarly works, such as
"Questions" by Al-Sufi and "Refutation of All Opponents" by Sheikh
Abu Khazr. His approach includes linguistic analysis of poetic verses,
detailed explanations of the issues raised, and support through
references to the Quran, Sunnah, consensus, logical proof, and
scholarly traditions. He addresses and refutes opposing arguments
using logical evidence, employing a dialectical method to persuade his
audience.
