الملخص الإنجليزي
Sleep is an imperative physiological aspect that plays a vital role in maintaining hormonal
and humeral functions of the body and hence a healthy life. Circadian rhythms are daily
oscillations in human activities and physiology that prepare human beings to better react
to and anticipate challenges in the surrounding environment, which are a consequence
of diurnal changes of day and night. The sleep/wake cycle is one of the most prominent
manifestations of the circadian rhythm and communicates tightly with the immune
system with daily oscillation of immunity. Sleep deprivation is now recognized as a
common condition inherent to modern society, and it is detrimental to certain body
functions, particularly immune function. The aim of this review is to explore the role of
sleep in maintaining a healthy immune system during the COVID-19 pandemic. The
review discusses sleep-regulatory substances that are linked to host defense mechanisms
such as interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and interferon gamma.
Cytokine levels also fluctuate with sleep/wake homeostasis and our review explores the
relationship between sleep and cytokines and proposed therapeutics. The review will also
cover sleep and immune response in children, adolescents, and healthcare workers, and
finally it will touch on the effect of obstructive sleep apnea on immune response and the
severity of COVID-19.
