الملخص الإنجليزي
The purpose of this study is to explore the attitudes of super powers towards the navigation activities of dhow owners in Sur during the reign of Sultan Faisal bin Turki (1888-1913), Particularly Britain's objection of rising the French Flags by the Omani dhows, and accusations of Omani Dhows of slavery and arms trafficking. Moreover, confiscation of Surs' dhows on Somalia Coasts by the Italian occupation forces in addition to the accidents of dhow drowning. The study indicates the names of dhow owners who raised the French flag, the main dhows they owned and Nokhadas (ships' captains) who worked with them in the dhows. The study examines the matter of rising the British and German flags on Sur dhows, and indicates the role played by the people of Sur in suffering those impediments and the acquittal of some of them from the charges brought against them through the documents. The researcher adopted the descriptive historical methodology in handling the various bibliography to elicit the historical facts and identify the role played by the people of Sur during the period of study. The researcher adopted the analytical methodology in analyzing and comparison of the document information through the correspondences of The British and The French politicians with The Sultan Faisal. The study was divided into introduction, preface, four chapters, conclusion, appendices, list of bibliography and the references. In the introduction, the researcher presented analysis of the previous researches and list of bibliography and references. In the preface, the researcher elaborated the political and economic history of the City of Sur during the nineteenth century. The first chapter mentioned the position of super powers towards the navigation activities of Sur Dhows, such as the Italians' confiscation of Sur Dhows in the Somalian coasts. Also the matter of French flags and the French and British attitude towards them. Chapter two indicated the matter of accusation of Sur Dhows of slavery trafficking. Tracking of Mozambique events (1900-1902) as example of those accusations, and proved that some dhow owners are acquitted of those charges and compensated for the materiai losses that they sustained as a result of the measures taken against them, including compensation for confiscation of Fath Al-Khir Dhoiw in 1900 AD. Chapter three handles the main lists that contained the names of Omani dhow owners who participated in rising the French flag. Chapter five handles the matters of rising the British and German Flags on some dhows of Sur. The study drew many conclusions, primarily the key sides of navigation activity of the dhows of Sur and the effect of those dhows on the economy of Sur as well as the difficulties that they encountered, including drowning of dhows and dhow confiscation accidents. Also the study proved through the Green Dhow accident that The Sultan Faisal supported his subjects and defended them against the cases of unjustified confiscation that they encountered, although they comply with the international law. The study highlighted the French role that supported those who raised the French flags till the Hague Court ruling was rendered in 1905 AD. The study highlighted (111) names of Omani dhow owners and the Omani asset who inhabit East Africa, as most of them are citizens of Sur who managed to get the French flags and permissions. The study showed that there is number of the people of Sur who raised the British and German flags after end of the matter of French flag, but the British control over the affairs in Muscat didn't enable them to persist in rising the French flags on their Omani dhows.
