الملخص الإنجليزي
This study is aims to identifying the temporal and spatial changes of the Urban Heat Island in the level of two meters in Muscat city, by answering the flowing question:
1] What are the shape, location and spatial characteristics of the urban heat island?
2] What is the intensity and volume of the urban heat island and it is temporal
changes in a different time scale?
3] What are the main factors that affect the urban heat island shape in Muscat city?
For answering these questions, we depend in measurements of the air temperature fixed and mobile stations in one year, then we analysis them by using specific programs like GIS. Also , we study the human and natural characteristics of the study area to know how much it effects the air temperature.
From this study we found that, there are thermal differences between the urban and rural area. In the urban area the temperature is high specifically in the heart of the city (Ruwi) because of the city structure and traffic. The urban heat island in Muscat has daily and seasonally arrangement, where the heat island records the highest level after 7 hours from the sun set. The
heat island also recorded its highest levels during the summer and that depending on the high values of solar radiation that reach the earth surface, which strengthening of urban surfaces absorb these rays and back again into the atmosphere especially during the Night reorganized thermally significant difference with the surrounding countryside. Mobile
measurements showed the need for attention to the specificities of the rural
area based on heat comparisons with the heat heart of the city It was found that the rural areas surrounding Muscat are heterogeneous in terms of topographical features which would significantly impact on the micro-climate of these areas. Differences between the thermal recorded of the warm city heart and Alamrat rural area higher than the differences that are registered in Almabalh the southern rural area and that depending on the occurrence of the Alamrat in a position protected from the local daily wind and that would help to cool the air.
Key Words: heat island that measured at the level of two meters from the
surface, temporal and spatial changes, Muscat
