الملخص الإنجليزي
This study aims to explore the reasons behind the great development that took place in the Abbasid Caliphate while Turk officers had taken full control of it (256 289 AH/ 870-902 AD) exactly in the reign of AIM'otamid and Al Mu'tadid and The role of Prince Talha, . The study examines the relationship of the Abbasid Caliphate with the separate states especially Tulunids, Samanids and Saffarids and Oman. And how, at the same time, it was facing the greatest danger, the movement of Zinj (255 270 AH / 868-882 AD). In addition, the study aims to track the role of the, AIMoafaq, the second successor of Caliph AlMotamid, adopted in this period as well as reforms that were undertaken by the Caliph Mu'tadid. The study followed the historical descriptive and analytical approach through analyzing different versions, comparing them and keeping track of the different views. This study is divided into the preface, which gives a clear view about the beginning of the military presence of the Turks in the Abbasid Caliphate, and increasing their number in the reign of Mu'tasim. It also deals with the period of military anarchy "disorder" that proceeded the study period. Moreover, it includes an introduction that covers some previous studies and analyzes some of the main sources that have direct relevance to the subject of study; and three chapters and a conclusion included the most important results that have been reached. The first chapter reviews the biography of both AlMotamid and AlMoafaq, and their relationship, as well as AlMoafaq's relationship with the leaders of Turks and the beginning of the forming regular army. The second chapter handles the movement of Zinj, focus on it for nearly fourteen years, the AlMoafaq's measures toward it and the relationship of the Abbasid Caliphate with the separate state and Oman. The third chapter focuses on Caliph Al Mu'tadid; his most important reforms which contributed to the Caliphate noticeable growth. The conclusion reached sum up a number of important results that the AlMoafaq was the real Caliph in the era of AlMotamid and not AlMotamid himself as it also find out that the failure of agreement of Zinj, Qaramita and Saffarids against the Abbasid Caliphate was a bless
