الملخص الإنجليزي
This study aimed at exploring the effect of tribe's influence on Umayyad s Political policy in Sham regions during the civil war (64-73 Higri/683-692 AD)through searching in the pressure means been used by the tribe towards Umayyad state during that interval of time which is the subject of this study and on the other side studying the Umayyad State reaction in order to reducing the tribe influence and benefits its loyalty in the same time. Also we will spot light on the results of such influence weather from the side of tribe or from the State. The study has divided into , introduction, overview, three chapters and.conclusion which ended by a list of references The introduction shown overviews on the role of tribe since preIslamic era up to the period of the study, then the study questions have been clarified. The preliminary has reflected the arrival of Umayyad to presidency (Khilafah). the first item discussed Omayyad's claims of ruling, while the second item aimed on the role of Khalifah Marwan Bin Alhakam in the debates in provinces and its reflection on the tribal conflicts in Sham and frat countries while the last chapter concentrated on the bad effects of civil war in Sham and Frat countries and its impacts on Marwan Bin Alhakam Politics The study found the results which were included in the . conclusion, which is in its entirety monitor the impact of the tribe on the politics of the Umayyad period of this study, as well as the reaction of the state, the most important of these results: the emergence of the tribe on the stage of political events in a more complex forms in the study period and more than any previous period, such tribal influence can be attributed to the interference of tribal feuding with the higher policy of the state , where as the tribe has hands in political decision making, some examples of that means been used by the tribe in order to practice tensions on the state like financial and moral power , besides poem and poets as well as social tribal alliances. The study also has shown that the Umayyad politics state was faced by two choices only : either to accept the tribe conditions or using military power to enforce it under its control. Throughout the study it has been shown that the state offers concessions because of the massive need for the tribe furthermore the critical circumstances which has faced which are beyond the limits of this research. The study also showed the concepts of tribal influence in the Umayyad regime such as tribal wars and appearance of political parties besides fluctuating faith divisions which were over all constitutes great obstacles in the favor of sustainable and stable community. The significant result of Sham civil war (64-73 Hegira/683-692 AD) is that it was ignites considerable questions on the "Political legitimacy" not only about Umayyad but even political parties and other revolutions appeared among that period .
