English abstract
This study aimed to determine the effect of using thinking maps and instructional tactile materials on science achievement and science attitude among fifth-grade blind students. The sample consisted of (6) students, five males and one female enrolled at Omar bin Al-Khattab Institute for the blinds. To answer the study questions, a science achievement test was constructed, consisting from (20) choice and completion items. A31- item science attitude scale multiple was also administered. The validity of both testes were examined through a panel of judges, whereas reliability for internal consistency of them were calculated using (Cronbach- Alpha) and found to be (0.89) and (0.78) respectively. The result of this study revealed the followings: - there were statistically significant differences at (a=0.5) between the means of the sample achievement and the society achievement in favor of the sample. - there were statistically significant differences at (a=0.5) between the means of Attitudes pre and post-test in favor of post test. Accordingly few recommendations were drawn such as, the establishment of the competent authorities with the assistance of the Institute to provide materials for the touch is not designed carefully, taking into account the properties of the blind, and held training workshops for teachers of the institute in order to introduce the importance of thinking maps and educational tactile materials to teach blind students, The study also recommended that more study should be done about the effect of thinking maps on achievement in other subjects and with other variables
