English abstract
This study attempted to identify the artistic image on the poetry of one of the most distinguished contemporary Arabian poets in our beloved Palestine after the catastrophe in the 1948s. It was entitledthe Artistic Image of the Free Verse atSamih Al-Qasim. It aimed to address expressly some aspects of artistic images of Samih's poetical works using the analytic descriptive method. Actually, this method gave me a great opportunity not only to read poetic texts, but also to investigate several characteristics related to the artistic image that represented inresources, manners and rhetorical techniques.
Verily, the study comprised an introduction, a theoretical opening, three chapters and a conclusion. The Introduction displayed the rationale for selecting this topic, the aims of the study, the method used, the most challenges faced by the researcher as well as the previous research done in this area. The theoretical opening included three sections,the Image as a Concept Among Arab critics, the Importance of Image in Formation the Aesthetic Aspects of the Arabic Poetry and finally Samih Al-Qasim Poems: Resistance and Steadfastness. In reality, the first section presented some views of Arab critics who talked about the image in their writings including Al-Gahez, Ibn Tabataba AlAlawi and Kodama bin Jaafar. Then, it showed views of some recent critics mainly by Mostafa Nasef, Ali Ali Sobh and Abdul- Kader Al-Kott. By using opinions and conclusions of some Arabic fluent writers, the second
sectiondemonstrated the most crucial principles that remarkably the image had in the Arabic poem's structure. The third section began by discussing the biography of the poet and his life story as well as his literary works starting bythe first divan whichwas published in the 1958s. Moreover, it focused on the subjective purposes through which he wrote besides highlighting the topic, resistance and steadfastness, which he talked about in details. There were several dimensions in his poetry involving the revolutionary, historical and religious one. As a result of this, many respectable nicknames had been given to the poet
such as the steadfastness poet, the Palestine resistance poet as well as the nation's poet.
Chapter One of this paper focused on studying the resources that the picture in the literary work was derived from. It discussed four main resources: the human body, the human life, the local life and last the nature. The human body explained the importance of both internal and external organs for the poet such as the face, blood, eye, hand and foot, whereasthe human life covered the practical, affective, biological, spiritual and rational life. The local life clarified the rights and duties of the individual towards humanity as well as the nature of his life in the region. This had been shown in his poems by addressing woman role, wars, the local catastrophe, banquets, patriotism and
buildings. Generally, the nature is considered the key of inspiration that stimulates poets' imaginations and figures of speech. It also played a significant role in refining the talent of the poet towards images throughout its two parts, static and dynamic nature.
On the other hand, Chapter Two focused on studying figurative manners that were widely used in the poet's poems. Yet, the researcher was only interested on social and sensual figures since they were emphasized greatly by the poet with different patterns and colors. The sensual figure was represented on two figures: optical and audible. The poet depended a lot on the optical image to express his feelings and views towards scenes in surroundings and his daily experiences. Whereas, the audible image was about every aspects regarded hearing; for example using pronunciation of words to draw images which the author was inspired from arts and nature. The poet devoted his attention quitewell to his society which was clear in the social images. He used them utterly to address its problems and matters that hindered prosperity such as, social differences and women status.
Chapter Three in fact examined the rhetorical techniques of images in two aspects. The first one wasassimilation images which phrased by -different phases of simile: For instance; the Arabic letter 'K', which
means as or like, was emphasized extensively by the poet. In addition, the chapter investigated the various types of simile considering the device and the point of resemblance. It was worthy to note that the poet made use of all types; however the study explored only some of them such as rhetorical and confirmative simile. The study also disputed other kinds of simile consisting of scenic, inverted and implicit simile. Not only the study demonstrated the often use of scenic simile in the military fields, but also the lack of inverted simile in his poems. This can be contributed to the fact that the author did not like to omit the vehicle. Then, the study moved to aestheticism of simile that explained reasons behind using simile. For example, the poet used simile for many useful purposes like describing the tenor and his feelings, glittering the tenor and stating the status of him/her in the mind of the audience.
The second one is the Metaphorical Image which had been found as the strongest basis in forming speech at the poet. The paper studied types of metaphor at both linguistic and aesthetic sidewhich included explicit... implicit and scenic metaphor. It further looked for types of metaphor according to the tenor and vehicle in its three parts: pure, absolute and vehicular. Moreover, the chapter investigated the symbolic metaphor as a recent artistic method in poetry with its two kinds: total and partial.Magnificently, it contained some symbols that related to the poet himself, children, Palestine, Palestinian nation along with its occupation.
The study concluded by listing the results obtained by the researcher. Amazingly, the most finding was that the artistic image at Samih AlQasim was formed by all components of his literary works and it was inseparable from them. Finally, I hope Allah has reconciled me in producing a great work that will become highly appreciated by people in general and the Arabic section in College of Science and Arts in University of Nizwa in particular which honored me by studying my master degree in it.
