English abstract
The various orientalist schools have paid attention to the study of the Qur'an and its sciences, as many pens have emerged that have embarked on study, research, analysis and criticism. These oriental studies have attracted more attention of Muslim researchers for decades, and a large part of this attention has focused on discussing and responding to these studies, and refuting their skeptical contents in the Holy Qur'an. . In our contemporary time, other studies have appeared in addition to the studies of the Orientalists. Their owners adopted Western philosophies, doctrines, and approaches, especially the philological and historical approaches, and tried to apply them in the interpretation and understanding of the Holy Qur'an, bypassing the scientific explanatory tools that are prevalent among the specialists in this science. They sought to establish schools that were based on the tendentious orientalists.
