English abstract
In every society there are types of diversity or multiplicity; There is - for example - a diversity in science and educational level, and a diversity in social classes - such as the aristocrats or bourgeois class, the middle class, the lower class, and in the old days the slave class - and a diversity in race such as the Arab, the Kurdish, the Turkmen, the Amazigh, the Syriac and the Armenian in the Arab world, with a language specific to each of these Races - and religious and sectarian diversity such as Christian, Muslim, Buddhist, Hindu, Sikh, Catholic and Protestant - and political diversity manifested in parties and other organizations. But suppose that some types of pluralism were non-existent in one society or another, suppose that the members of a particular society were all of one race and this is almost scientifically impossible unless we deviate from the concept of society from its accepted meaning, suppose that they were all of one religion or one sect, and this It is possible if we take affiliation in its nominal sense; So let no one imagine that pluralism will disappear from society at that time. Because he . Pluralism has a solid meaning that nothing can remove, which is the numerical meaning. Thus, every society is pluralistic, whether it likes it or not, and it will always and under all circumstances remain pluralistic, whether it likes it or not, meaning that it is made up of any number of individuals. This society may be purely Arab or purely Kurdish, purely Christian or purely Muslim, purely Sunni or purely Shiite; However, this "ethnic or religious purity" will not at all remove the characteristic of pluralism from it.
