English abstract
After its issuance, the judgment acquires the authority of the res judicata, which prevents the perpetuation of disputes and works towards the stability of rights and legal positions by prohibiting the reconsideration of what has been decided by the court,except through an appeal. Although the judge who issued the judgment adheres to this authority, the law does not prevent him from returning to the judgment after its issuance. Therefore, this study aims to determine the scope of the civil judge's authority over the judgment after its issuance. This authority is restricted by limits expressly stipulated by the legislator, whether regarding the returning to the judgment or the revocation of it, as the law only allows the judge to refer back to the judgment in three specific cases, namely correction, interpretation, and deciding on overlooked requests, and to retract the judgment without appeal only in one case, that of the judgment issued in connection with the breach of the court order, and to retract the judgment after appealing it only in one case, that is, the appeal by petition for reconsideration. These are the five cases that define the extent of the civil judge's authority over the judgment after its issuance: three cases for returning to the judgment,and two cases for retraction from the judgment, one without an appeal and the other after an appeal.
