English abstract
Objectives: Anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) have been used internationally for
enhancing physical appearance and performance despite their significant side effects.
We sought to identify the prevalence of AAS use and its different risk factors among
gym users in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was distributed
among gym users across 20 gyms in Riyadh. The cluster sampling technique was used
to represent the four regions of Riyadh (North, South, East, and West). Univariate
and multivariate analyses were performed to identify the factors associated with AAS.
Results: Out of 482 participants, 29.3% reported using AAS. The mean age of the study
participants was 27.2±6.9 years, 61.0% were single, 67.1% were educated, 35.5% were
government employees, and 31.1% were students. The use of AAS was more prevalent
among gym members who practiced weightlifting (45.5%), were employed in the private
sector (35.8%), and aged > 25 years old (53.3%). Multiple logistic regression showed that
the most significant factors associated with the use of AAS among gym members were:
weightlifting, using supplementary vitamins or minerals, following special diets, knowing
individuals who used AAS, and being offered AAS. Conclusions: Our study provides
clear evidence that the lifetime prevalence of AAS use is high among male gym members
in Riyadh with modifiable risk factors. The results could help public health policymakers
to take the necessary measures to alleviate the potential negative implications of AAS use
at the community level.
