English abstract
The study addresses the topic of the Dutch commercial activities in the Arabian Gulf during the period (1623 - 1766 ). The impor study reveals the centrality of the Netherlands in the Arabian Gulf during the above period, where there was a strong competition between the European powers on the Arabian Gulf region.
The study aims to track the Netherlands trading activities relationship in the Persia region; clarify the Netherlands trading relationship with Basra rulers; understanding the Netherlands and Oman trading relationship and the reasons of the Netherlands retreat trading influence in the Gulf.
Depending on the historical descriptive analytical quantitative methodology, the study is divided into: exordium , three chapters, and a conclusion. The exordium takes the sending of the commercial envoys to Indian Ocean, establishment of the Dutch East India Company (Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie, VOC, 1602 ), their aspirations toward the Gulf, and general situations in the Arabian Gulf just before the arrival of the Dutch. The first chapter studies the Netherlands trading activities in the Persia region, the stand of the 1st Shah Abbas (1588-1629) against European, Dutch to get trade concessions in Persia, the reaction of the English Indian Company (EIC) to the Dutch activities, the Dutch implemented plans to fix their business and the period of the Dutch commercial supremacy during the reign of the Ottoman sovereignty. The second chapter focused on the Dutch trade relations with Al-Basrah in the era of Al-Frasiab during the period (1640-1668 ) and during the reign of the Ottoman sovereignty (1668-1754), The Dutch and Oman relations in the Al-Yaarba era (1624-1744) and in the time of Al-Eminam Ahmed Bin Said (1744-1783). The third chapter toke the reasons of the retreat trading influence in the Gulf, the Dutch occupation of the Kharg island, resistance of Bandar Reeq Governor against Dutch, Persia and English, and draw of Dutch from the Arabian Gulf.
The most prominent findings of the study are: 1. The Dutch were able to control the trade in Arabian Gulf during the second and third quarters of the 17th century. 2. The Dutch trade relationship with Al-basrah was unstable. 3. The Netherlands and Oman trade relation was marked friendly. 4. The Dutch trade influence started to reteat by the last quarter of the 17th century and there were several reasons for this and the top are: - The loss of the Dutch government support. The rulers of Persia tendency to the English East India Company, Putting individuals who care about their personal interests more than the interests of the company to head the agencies and commercial offices in the Arabian Gulf. Closing the Dutch company all business and its agencies and offices in the Gulf and putting their interests in the Kharg island.
