English abstract
This study aims to understand the concept of apostasy, its causes and factors following the death of the Prophet Mohammed (PBUH) as well as Abu-Bakr's stand during his caliphate towards the tribes of Arab apostates. The study also is set with the objective of analyzing the general mobilization declared by Abu Bakr in Medina, and brigades to fight apostates across the Arabia The study aimed at reviewing the narratives of Dibba during the caliphate of Abu Bakr al-Siddiq (11/632 AD - 13 AH / 634 AD) both in the Islamic sources and the Omani sources by following a systematic study to compare between the two sources to find out their points of intersection and disagreement in relation to these events.
The study encompasses of an introduction, a preface and three chapters. The introduction presented the study's importance, objectives, methodology, sections and previous relevant studies with same study subject. The preface showed an overview of Oman during the prophetic era and the beginnings of Oman's connection to Islam through delegations to Madina to inquire about Islam or official relations between the Prophet and the political power. Chapter I discussed the concept of apostasy, its causes and the general mobilization in Madina to fight the apostates and brigades held by Abu Bakr to fight them. Chapter II reviewed the Battle of Dibba in the Islamic sources with a critique of these narratives. It also addressed the most prominent historians and narrators of apostasy. Chapter III addressed the Omani sources that dealt with the Battle of Dibba and criticized those narratives internally and externally, in addition to the recent studies that dealt with the Battle of Dibba.
The study concluded that there are different reasons that triggered Arab tribes to apostasy, and confirmed Abu Bakr's determination and firmness in dealing with the crisis of apostasy, at the beginning of his caliphate. It showed the conflict in the narratives between Islamic sources and Oman sources in the Battle of Dibba as it revealed that the Omani sources considered what happened in Dibba as a misunderstanding between the collectors of alms and the elderly woman As a result, Dibba was looted and the captives were sent to Madina. It didn't mention the occurrence of apostasy originally, while the Islamic sources pointed to the Battle of Dibba as apostasy by a group led by Laqit bin Malik al-Azadi in an attempt to rebel against the authority of the Islamic state. The study highlighted the political power's position in Oman towards the movement of Laqit bin Malik and Abu Bakr al-Siddiq's caliphate.
The study concluded that Al-Waqadi (207 AH / 822 CE) was the first to address the battle of Dibba in Islamic sources. The study revealed that some Omani historians missed discussing the Battle of Dibba. It suggested that two events occurred in Dibba, the first was the apostasy led by Laqit bin Malik at the beginning of Abu Bakr al-Siddiq's caliphate and the second was the misunderstanding between the collectors of alms and the elderly woman which took place in the late era of Abu Bakr, may Allah be pleased with him.
