English abstract
Geographic routing techniques in Wireless sensor network (WSN) have been studied widely in recent years as an alternative to conventional on-demand routing schemes. It is an attractive solution for packet forwarding in WSN as it provides significant performance benefits over the conventional on-demand routing schemes. However, one of the main challenges that is facing geographic routing is the occurrences of dead-end situations where a forwarding node is unable to locate any neighboring node closer to the packet's destination than itself. This project focuses on extending a grid-based routing scheme for WSN, called Multipath Grid Based Enabled Geographic Routing (MGEGR), by proposing a new Grid-Based Hole-Bypassing (GBHB) scheme for bypassing dead-end situations. The enhanced MGEGR protocol will be referred to as HB-MGEGR. There are four main phases of HB-MGEGR that are used to bypass the discovered hole: hole-detection phase, find-bypassing phase, selection phase, and forwarding phase. When a hole is discovered by the first phase, the find-bypassing phase is triggered in order to identify the possible candidate nodes towards the destination node. In a best case, there are four possible candidates that could be used to bypass a hole. After identifying the candidates, a selection process will be executed to find out the best one based on defined criteria. After that, the data packet will be forwarded to the selected one in order to deliver it to the destination node. This process will run each time a hole is encountered during the transmission of the packet towards the destination node. A simulation model based on QualNet has been developed to measure the performance of the HB-MGEGR and MGEGR algorithms. The algorithms are evaluated under different network densities and different performance metrics such as packet delivery ratio and end-to-end delay. Our simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed scheme compared to the MGEGR protocol in terms of the packet delivery ratio and end-to-end delay.
