English abstract
Porosity, density, pore characteristics, structural properties and color of abalone were investigated as a function of shelf temperature during freeze-drying. The apparent density of dried samples was measured using a buoyant force method while apparent porosity was estimated using the apparent and substance density. Pore characteristics and structural properties of freeze-dried abalone were studied by porosimetry and a mechanical puncture test. The pores characteristics were assessed by measuring apparent density and porosity. Pore size and pore size distribution of freeze-dried samples were developed by drying at different temperatures. The pore formation of abalone showed a decreasing trend as chamber temperature maintained at constant level between -45 to15°C. Similarly mechanical characteristics were determined by identifying the peak force, bio-yield point, and modulus of elasticity from the puncture force-displacement curve. The relationship between the mechanical properties of abalone and the characteristics of pores with structure is discussed. Freeze drying method produced light colored and porous abalone which can be stored at room temperature.
