Nationality is considered a very important component of an individual's identity in the modern time. Not enjoying a nationality could result in depriving a person of many basic rights as well as several political rights such as the right to work which may be restricted to only nationals, whereas a person who enjoys a nationality of a state has full rights inside and outside his country. Hence, citizenship is seen as an instrument that helps categorizing individuals in the international community. It is the legal and political binding link between the individual and his country. Consequently, it becomes obligatory for countries to regulate the acquisition of citizenship according to their internal laws and legislations. The Sultanate of Oman, similar to other countries around the world, has established laws regulating nationality, the most recent being promulgated by Royal Decree no. 3/83. This thesis is going to discuss some important aspects related to the acquisition of nationality under Omani legislation in comparison with the legislations of other gulf countries. The thesis begins with a very important background in which nationality is discussed in general. The introduction includes definitions of nationality and the applicable regulations. Then, the basic requirements to acquire nationality are discussed with reference to the regulations on nationality of the Sultanate of Oman and the international agreements on nationality. Finally, the thesis sheds light on the legislative framework to acquire nationality which includes but not limited to: naturalization, marriage and exceptions, according to the comparison above-mentioned.