This research study, with its two chapters, is a result of a pressing need to explore the principles on which the arbitrator’s civil responsibility is based. The arbitrator plays a key role in the arbitration process; therefore, careful selection of arbitrators results in the accuracy and fairness of arbitration. The arbitrator’s personal characteristics, position and authority are factors which may lead to errors causing harm on arbitration parties or others. This necessitated exploring this problem in detail as laws in foreign and Arab countries, Oman in particular, have not adequately addressed the phenomenon of the arbitrator’s responsibility for the harm caused on parties due to his illegal conduct, not to mention the fact that the arbitrator’s responsibility has not received enough attention from Arabic and foreign jurisprudence. In cases when the arbitrator’s responsibility is confirmed in a certain law, debates arise on the nature of responsibility whether it is caused by ideology or negligence. This also poses the questions: what errors is the arbitrator held responsible for by law? Does the seriousness of errors affect the arbitrator’s responsibility? Can arbitrator’s responsibility be dealt with by the responsibility principles stated in civil law? Due to the scarcity of judicial applications addressing arbitrator’s responsibility, this research aims to explore jurisprudential debates advocating and refuting arbitrator’s responsibility. The research problem is linked to the general principles of the Omani civil law shedding light on their applicability to arbitrator’s responsibility.