The study aims to trace the history of agricultural activity in Oman and its impact on political and economic life during the period (3rd Hijri century - 6th Hijri century / the 9th century AD - 12th century AD). The is achieved by studying the nature of agricultural activity in Oman and the Omani practice of agriculture, the used systems and methods and the impact of that on agricultural production diversity and its contribution to political and economic life. The researcher followed the descriptive historical approach to trace the historical texts and documents available in the various sources related to agriculture, agricultural production, associated contracts and crafts. The researcher used the interview as one of the research tools. The study was divided into an introduction, four chapters and a conclusion. The introduction included an overview of the antiquity of agricultural activity in Oman through inference from archaeological studies. It also provides a political prelude to the period of study. The first chapter examined the foundations and regulations of agriculture in Oman and the agricultural knowledge of Omanis. The second chapter reviewed the ownership of agricultural land. The third chapter dealt with the study of the impact of agricultural activity on political life, and the fourth chapter dealt with the impact of agricultural activity on economic life.