This study deals with the problem of culture between unity and diversity in the context of the current global reality, and it presents elements for thinking about the idea of ​​cultural peculiarities and the idea of global culture, which are accompanied by the caveats of domination and stereotypes on the one hand, and the dangers of intolerance and isolation on the other hand. The analysis here is based on aspects of the social and anthropological heritage and benefits from the intellectual trends and international initiatives that crystallized in the last years of the beginning of the third millennium.