This study aimed to identify the levels of leadership practices, human resource management, and institutional performance in the Ministry of Social Development in the Sultanate of Oman. It also aimed to test the impact of leadership practices (building the organization's vision, developing human capital, participatory decision-making, building organizational culture) and managing human resources on institutional performance at the Ministry of Social Development in the Sultanate of Oman. The descriptive-analytical approach was used in conducting the study, and the study population was represented by all employees of the Ministry of Social Development in the Sultanate of Oman. The convenient sampling method was used by distributing the questionnaire to the respondents in this institution. Data were collected from a sample consisting of ( 251) employees. The study found several results, the most important of which is the existence of a positive direct relationship between leadership practices, human resource management, and institutional performance of workers in the Ministry of Social Development in the Sultanate of Oman. In addition, the results also showed an impact of leadership practices and human resources management on institutional performance in the Ministry of Social Development in the Sultanate of Oman. In light of the results of the current study, the study recommended paying attention to the selection of administrative leaders and working on preparing them through training courses. Which is commensurate with addressing weaknesses and linking them with the promotion system to motivate workers to innovate and introduce what is new, creating an appropriate and stimulating work environment for the application of what human resources have been trained on in training programs to motivate them to work, interest in creating a positive organizational culture that helps to adapt to what is new And accept the change Keywords: leadership practices, human resources management, institutional performance, the Ministry of Social Development