Government institutions are keen to improve their performance and service level by upgrading leadership practices and providing elements of a supportive environment. This study aims to reveal the relationship between leadership practices (building a vision and touching opportunities, building organizational culture, participatory decision-making, and developing human capital) and perceived organizational support and institutional performance. The study also aims to demonstrate the impact of leadership practices and perceived organizational support on institutional performance in the Ministry of Labor - Sultanate of Oman. To achieve the study's objectives, the quantitative method was used, in addition to using the questionnaire as the main tool for data collection. The study sample was chosen by the easy sampling method, which amounted to (335) male and female employees. The data was also analyzed using descriptive and inferential tests via the SPSS statistical analysis program. The study findings showed a statistically significant relationship between leadership practices, perceived organizational support, and institutional performance in the Ministry of Labor. The results of the regression analysis indicated that both leadership practices and perceived organizational support affect the institutional performance of the Ministry of Labor - Sultanate of Oman. The results also showed differences in employee responses about the study variables due to years of service and age groups. In light of its findings, the study recommended activating participatory decision-making by empowering subordinates, providing them with sufficient powers commensurate with the size of the responsibilities, enhancing communication at all levels, and creating clear criteria for the delegation process. It also recommended deepening awareness among officials about the importance of human capital and organizational culture within the institution, adopting a culture of communication, and giving employees the necessary organizational support to accomplish their work, which contributes to achieving high levels of institutional performance. Keywords: leadership practices, perceived organizational support, institutional performance, the Ministry of Labor, Sultanate of Oman.