The current study aimed to identify the degree to which mathematics teachers in the South Al Batinah and Al Dakhiliyah Governorates possess the concepts and applications of artificial intelligence and their attitudes towards it, and to identify the most important challenges facing mathematics teachers in using artificial intelligence applications in teaching mathematics. The researcher used the descriptive approach and relied on two tools in this study: the test consisting of (9) questions to determine the degree to which mathematics teachers possess the concepts of artificial intelligence, and the questionnaire, which consisted of (21) items to measure mathematics teachers' attitudes towards using artificial intelligence applications in teaching mathematics. And the challenges they face while using artificial intelligence applications. Descriptive statistical analysis program (SPSS) was used to analyze the results. The research sample consisted of (297) male and female teachers, (137) female teachers and (160) male teachers from the Governorates of South Al Batinah and Al Dakhiliyah. The results of the research concluded that the degree of mathematics teachers' possession of artificial intelligence concepts was at a low degree, and in contrast, females had a higher possession of the concepts than males, while there were no statistically significant differences attributed to the variables of years of experience and educational governorate in the degree of teachers' possession of artificial intelligence concepts. The results also indicated positive attitudes of mathematics teachers towards employing artificial intelligence applications in learning with a high degree. The results also indicated that there was agreement among teachers on the existence of challenges in employing artificial intelligence applications with a high degree. The study presented several recommendations, including teacher preparation programs in colleges of education in the field of employing artificial intelligence applications in teaching, and preparing the infrastructure of schools, including devices and Internet networks, to employ artificial intelligence applications.