The earthquake vulnerability of a typical school building in Oman is investigated in this study. The increased attention to seismic vulnerability in educational institutions, crucial for societal development, underscores the need for robust school buildings, especially in earthquake-prone areas. This thesis focuses on evaluating the earthquake vulnerability of Oman Public School, highlighting the importance of disaster risk reduction in educational settings and providing insights to enhance safety and resilience. During construction, the values of different building factors change, impacting how the structure reacts to earthquakes. This uncertainty involves concrete compressive strength, reinforcement tensile strength, cross section area, span length, storey height, mass, and ground motion magnitude. The study highlights the need to account for these uncertainties when assessing how well school buildings can withstand earthquakes, using fragility and vulnerability curves. A nonlinear dynamic analysis was conducted on a three-story framedominant dual-system structure representing a typical public school in Oman, utilizing ETABS. The OpenSees model was generated using the ETABS to OpenSees (ETO) application and validated against the ETABS model. A Monte Carlo Simulation simulated 46 ground motions sourced from the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center (PEER), along with the specified uncertainty parameters, resulting in a pool of 4000 scenarios. The ground motions were factorized, and the OpenSees model underwent 12,801 analyses, including static, Eigen, and nonlinear dynamic analyses conducted through MATLAB. HAZUS-MH MR4 criteria were applied to define damage states based on maximum inter-storey drift ratios and damage ratios. Intensity measures such as peak ground acceleration, peak ground velocity, spectral acceleration, and spectral velocity were employed to create fragility and vulnerability curves. Both floor-level and overall fragility curves were developed, followed by the creation of vulnerability curves. The vulnerability curve, based on maximum spectral acceleration as per the Oman seismic code, indicates that a 2% damage level is observed in Oman public schools. Similarly, considering the maximum peak ground acceleration for a 475-year return period, as outlined in the Oman seismic code, reveals no damage to the public school. These curves offer insights into potential damages and costs based on the specified intensity measures.