This study addressed the legal protection of minority shareholders in public joint-stock companies. It covered several legal issues, including paying attention to the protection of minority shareholders’ rights in decision-making structures due to their underrepresentation, as well as discussing the challenges and problems faced by minorities within the company and their impact. The study highlighted potential problems faced by minorities in public joint-stock companies, such as underrepresentation in decisionmaking structures, limited access to necessary information, restricted ability to influence important decisions, and safeguarding their financial interests. These issues lead to an imbalance and inequality among shareholders, prompting questions about the legal protection of minority shareholders’ rights under Omani law? To address this, the researcher followed a descriptive method to clarify legislative and judicial concepts related to minority shareholders’ protection. Additionally, an analytical approach was used to analyze legal texts related to the study’s topic. A comparative method was also employed by comparing national legislative texts with other laws that address the legal protection of minority shareholders. The study concluded that the purpose of protecting minority shareholders is to safeguard them from decisions made by the majority of shareholders when exercising their authority in company management. Such decisions may harm minority shareholders or benefit the majority. Additionally, the study found that each shareholder has the right to file liability claims to invalidate arbitrary decisions and seek compensation for any harm suffered. The study also recommended several measures, including the necessity of limiting the general assembly to a specific period during which it must distribute net profits to shareholders by adding a specific duration for distribution in Article (129) of the Omani Companies Law. Furthermore, the study suggested defining the concept of the company’s interest by emphasizing that the company’s interest prevails over the shareholders’ interests and invalidating any actions or decisions that contradict it.