This thesis aims at revealing the nature of scientific life in Oman during the 9th and 10th centuries through focusing on the nature of this life in all its dimensions, the role of scientists in reviving the Imamate system, and their position on some of the political, Duration of thesis. The researcher followed the inductive method in dealing with the sources of jurisprudence for the scholars of that stage, whether written or printed, in order to develop the historical facts and to deduce the role of scientists, especially in aspects related to the reality of people's lives. The researcher also followed the analytical approach in analyzing information from sources and documents which belong to the stage of study, whether correspondence between scientists and imams or among the scientists themselves, or (fatwas) of scholars to other scientists or the public. The study was divided into an introduction, a preface, four chapters and a conclusion. The first chapter dealt with the factors and aspects that influence the scientific life, explained the role of both families and scientific centers, and encouraged science by scholars, imams and some sultans of the Prophet. The second chapter focuses on the scientific production and codification of scientists. The fourth and last chapter deals with the role of scientists in society in political, social and economic terms, The study reached a number of results, most notably: the success of scientists in reviving the fifth Imamate in the beginning of the 9th century AH / 15 AD, and their contribution in enriching the scientific movement in the country, benefiting from several factors such as the emergence of scientific families and the attention received by the attention of some sultans of the Prophet, And the importance of copying books. The study also highlighted the diversity of educational institutions and the multiplicity of its methodology, the contributions of some scientists in linguistic and literary sciences, and mental sciences such as medicine, pharmacy and sea science. The study also concluded that the Imamate system had an organizational structure headed by the imam and his advisors, And some of them called them the owner of the state or the owner of the sword, and some call them the title of "the state of the mighty," and some of them, In contrast, the jurisprudential books mentioned that the scholars had a political entity called the "State of the Imam" and they directed them to spend expenses and entitlements to the state, In addition to their role as reformist scientists in the society by carrying out important social, economic and political roles and were involved in solving various issues