This study aims to examine the methodology used by Arab rhetoricians for dealing with locutionary and illocutionary acts. It aims to 'find out the stages of the modern theory of speech acts used in the Western thinkers. In addition, it examines the possibility of reading a suran from the Holy Quarn in light of speech acts theory. The study consists of an introduction, three chapters and a conclusion. The introduction states the reasons for choosing the subject, the literature review, the objectives, methodology, the organizational framework and related topics to the study. The first chapter deals with the definition of locutionary and illocutionary acts, their types and their rhetorical purposes in the view of Abdel Qahir Al-Jurjani and other Arab rhetoricians. The second chapter deals with the modern theory of speech acts and its concepts compared to the concepts of Arab rhetoricians. The third chapter analyzes Suratu Shshuara from the prospective of speech acts to show the show the meaning of speech. The study reached the following results: 1. Despite the similarities between Arab rhetoricians and speech acts theorists, there are still some differences between them because of the different theoretical background and logic in studying speech for each of them. 2. Speech acts theory provide a new way of reading Arabic heritage because it supplement us with rich tools in connecting the past with the present and highlight some aspects in the Arabic heritage.