The responsibility of the state towards its people requires it to prevent any danger threatening public health and safety; this appears especially in cases of emergency And that the state takes some exceptional preventive measure to preserve the life of society and the safety of the homeland according to the legislative reference. Based on this, the research problem is summarized in the study of the legislative reference for the state's protection of public health with a focus on the preventive measures that the Sudanese authorities have taken for the year 2020 to address the Covid 19 pandemic. The objectives of the research are to study the preventive measures announced by the Sudanese government and to identify its legislative reference. The researchers used descriptive and analytical method to study the research topics. The most important results of the research were: The preventive measures taken by the government to address the Covid 19 pandemic consisted in closing institutions and preventing public gatherings and other actions. This affects on the rights, freedoms and pensions of individuals, these come within the framework of emergency situations to preserve their lives, as well as the reference for the preventive measures that it has taken by The Sudanese government for the year 2020 to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic, drawn from various Sudanese legislation and relevant international agreements. The important recommendations are summarized in: the importance of public authorities taking the necessary measures in light of emergency and providing some daily necessities for individuals in line with the controls and conditions of closing institutions and restricting movement, and it is also important to prepare health units and provide most preventive supplies and safety equipment for health workers so that they can carry out their mission In protecting public health in a manner commensurate with the challenges of preventive measures.