This study aims to clarify the crimes relating to modern means of communication resulting from the tremendous development witnessed by the world in the field of modern information and communication technology in recent times, which has become one of the most important needs in various aspects of life. These crimes have caused economic damages and resulted in security, political, social, cultural serious risks. In addition, it clarifies the penal responsibility for their perpetrators and the difficulties faced by the investigating authority to detect and catch them. This requires that the competent authorities should work to find appropriate solutions to confront the perpetrators and reduce the risks, with an indication of the adequacy of the Omani legislative provision to combat them. Some of the main findings of the study: 1. Crimes relating to modern means of communication differ from traditional crimes due to the fact that they are connected to the internet via global communication networks which requiring knowledge and expertise of modern technologies. 2. Crimes relating to modern means of communication are divided into two types of crimes; crimes committed by the information system and crimes committed on the information system. 3. Crimes relating to modern means of communication are high-risk crimes that affect all economic, political, social, religious, cultural and security aspects. 4. The importance of qualifying of judicial officers, members of the public prosecution and judges through enrolling them in specialized courses in the field of information technology in order to develop their capacities to be able to face the information criminal and dealing with the special nature of this kind of modern crimes. 5. Put an emphasize on the importance of international cooperation in the security, judicial and legal aspects due to the fact that the crimes relating to modern means of communication transcends regional borders to the extent that several countries may be affected from a single crime. 6. Some punitive provisions in the Omani legislation are not equal as the severity of the acts committed by modern means of communication.