The idea of a legal regulation on civil liability arising from the damage of ionizing radiation are of paramount importance; has inspired the researcher to study it. The international legislation that organize the set up of nuclear installations and civil liability arising from its damage by special rules in concurrence with the general rules of civil liability sometimes and excelat other times. But the legislation relating to nuclear liability does not cover radiation damage caused by radioactive isotopes used for scientific, medical and agricultural purposes as well as other purposes nor the radiation damage caused by X-rays. This is due to the fact that the use of radioactive isotopes and X-ray equipment does not involved similar dangers to the dangers for which such agreements were prepared. Most countries include the responsibility for the damage caused by radioactive isotopes and X-rays in the framework of the general rules of civil liability. But, it turned out that the radioactive materials and sources can also cause serious damage if not handled appropriately. For this reason, States may wish to enact, at the national level, laws of special nature in the responsibility related to the damage caused by radioactive isotopes and X- rays. To clarify this responsibility, the researcher relied on the general rules of civil liability and on the provisions of the laws and regulations related to the control of radioactive materials and sources. In conclusion of this study, the researcher suggested that it is important that the Sultanate set up an integrated rules to organize dealing with ionizing radiation taking into account the civil liability for damage caused by ionizing radiation to ensure full compensation for the injured, and through a comprehensive law on radiation security and safety.