The aim of this study is to determine the relationships between strategic leadership and organizational factors (organizational structure, administrative empowerment, knowledge sharing) and institutional performance in the governorates of the Sultanate of Oman. It also examines the contribution of strategic leadership and organizational factors in improving institutional performance. The quantitative method was used, and the questionnaire was utilized as a primary tool to collect data from the study population, which includes the employees of the governors' offices and their affiliated departments, whose number is (4048). A sample of (250) responses was collected using the convenient sampling method and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical methods through the SPSS. The study's results showed a positive and significant relationship between strategic leadership, organizational factors, and organizational performance in the administrations of the Sultanate’s governorates. The analysis results also indicated that strategic leadership and organizational factors affect institutional performance and that knowledge sharing is the most influential factor on institutional performance in the governorates of the Sultanate. In light of its results, the study recommended paying attention to the components of strategic leadership and organizational factors to improve institutional performance, improve communication channels in various business entities, and make them more flexible and responsive. It also recommended granting experienced employees broader power commensurate with the size of responsibilities while stimulating and encouraging creativity and innovation. In addition, focusing on the speedy completion of work in a participatory manner, adapting to changes, and adopting a culture of communication at various levels to exchange information, knowledge, and experiences.