This book is to discuss the potential clinical benefits of interventional versus surgical modalities for adult cardiovascular disease patients who require either percutaneous or surgical interventional procedures. This textbook has 64 chapters covering a wide range of topics related to cardiovascular and extracardiac interventional techniques. They are organised into five sections: 1) septal defects and valvular heart disease; 2) coronary interventions; 3) aortic coarctation, aneurysms and dissections; 4) carotid and cerebral artery interventions, and 5) renal and peripheral arterial interventions.