Fruit flies are important pests of fruit and vegetable crops. They cause significant economic losses to farmers. The objectives of this study were to characterize the fruit fly species present in Oman, their geographical distribution, host plants, and parasitoids, and to evaluate the effect of plant extracts and entomopathogenic fungi against Bactrocera dorsalis and B. zonata. Fruit samples were collected from different locations across Oman during 2019 and 2020. Fruit flies that emerged from fruits were then identified using morphological and molecular characterization methods. Results showed that there were eight fruit fly species in Oman. The polyphagous Bactrocera dorsalis and Bactrocera zonata were collected from fruits of different trees, while Dacus ciliatus was collected from cucurbit fruits. Carpomyia vesuviana and Carpomyia incompleta were collected from fruits of Ziziphus species. Dacus persicus was collected from the wild plant, Calotropis procera (Sodom's apple). Bactrocera oleae was collected from fruits of the wild olive (Olea europea) in Al-Jabal Al Akhdhar Wilayat. Capparimyia savastani was collected from flower buds of wild Capparis cartilaginea (relative of caper). The most widely distributed fruit flies were B. zonata and D. ciliatus, however, there were variation in the presence and abundance of B. zonata and B. dorsalis in different locations. In Musandam and Al Batinah North only B. zonata was present and this species was more dominant in Al Mudaibi (Al Rowdah), Al Awabi (Al Alia), Yanqul (Al Buwairdeh) and Al Jabal Al Akhdar (Seeq). B. dorsalis was found to be more dominant in Salalah (Al Baleed, AdDahareez), Al Kamil & Al Wafi (Saiq), Qurayat (Hail Al Ghaf) and Samail (Wadi Samail). Molecular fingerprinting allowed the correct identification of Dacus persicus, as specimens from Oman were previously known in error as D. longistylus, a closely related species found in Africa. Braconid parasitoids collected from sampled fruits included Fopius arisanus from Ziziphus spp., Psyttalia concolor from cucurbits and Ziziphus spp., and Diachasmimorpha longicaudata from Indian almond. Numerically, these parasitic wasps were mainly associated with B. zonata, C. vesuviana and C. incompleta on Ziziphus fruits. Different local plant extracts and commercial substances of plant origin were tested as oviposition deterrents against B. zonata and B. dorsalis. Two different methods were used to determine the deterrent effect of the extracts, the first one using fresh fruits and counting the resulting puparia numbers, and the second using mango domes and counting the egg numbers in each dome. Neem, linalool, and extracts of frankincense resin, juniper, and fresh garlic showed good oviposition deterrence effects under laboratory conditions. Neem showed significant deterrent effect at a concentration of 0.003%. Fresh garlic and linalool caused reduction in puparia numbers reaching 80.7% and 86.2%, while frankincense at 100% and 50% concentrations, and juniper caused reduction in eggs numbers reaching 61.1%, 31.0% and 59.1% respectively. The effects of entomopathogenic fungi were tested against adults and larvae of B. zonata under laboratory conditions. Among the entomopathogenic fungi used, Beauveria bassiana fungal spores in the Botanigard formulation was effective on adults, causing 97.5% mortality due to direct application to both adults and caging container, and 88% mortality due to indirect application (on cage walls only). The same material was also effective on the larvae, causing 28% mortality. The T Stanes Verticillium lecanii formulation caused 20% and 6.67% mortality on larvae and puparia respectively.