This study aimed to explore the effect of using mobile learning on improving adult learners' listening skills in Oman, to investigate their attitudes, and to explore the factors that stand as barriers to its implementation. The study is quasi-experimental consisted of two groups, an experimental group (n=15) and a control group (n=16) from a foundation program at a military educational institute. The research data included the results of two sets of listening tests and learners' responses on an attitude questionnaire. The students in the experimental group outperformed their counterparts in the control group as a result of the mobile learning strategy. There was a statically significant improvement in the experimental group students' listening ability. Also, the participants had positive attitudes towards using mobile learning in improving their listening comprehension skills. The participants found that mobile learning enhanced their motivation, increased their exposure, expanded their vocabulary repertoire, and provided easy access to “anytime” and “everywhere” learning. However, they emphasized some challenges that were related to mobile software design, screen sizes of mobile phones, network connections, and the appropriateness of the listening content. Based on the findings, the study suggested some educational implications and recommendations.