Geothermal energy is a sustainable and renewable energy resource that can be used to heat and cool buildings. Geothermal energy generation is based on the facts that the earth temperature deeper than 15 meters is almost constant throughout the year (10-15 °C). The geothermal energy piles are considered as green foundations that could reduce the energy used to heat and cool spaces by up to 75%. Geothermal energy pile (GEP) works as both a support for the structures and a source of green energy to cool and heat the buildings. This research focuses on studying the effects of different factors on heat transfer performance of the geothermal energy pile installed in dune sand. The factors considered in this research are the degree of saturation of soil, the relative density of soil and the heating/cooling cycles. A laboratory model setup was made to simulate the field test in a thermally controlled environment. A geothermal energy pile was cast on a small-scale (15x30cm) and was put in a tank (78x56x45cm) full of soil with thermocouples embedded in both the pile and the soil to measure the temperature change during the heating and cooling cycles. During the heating and cooling cycles, the pile undergoes a thermal induced strain due to the expansion or shrinkage of the pile, which leads to thermal induced stress. During the heating cycle, the pile expands, and due to confinement, the pile will develop a compressive stress, which increases the overall stresses on the pile. However, in the cooling cycle the effect is the opposite, as the pile tries to shrink while it is confined by the soil, it creates a tensile stress in the pile, which when added to the compressive load of the building, will reduce the total compressive load on the pile. The selected soil was dune sand, as it has low bearing capacity and piles are usually used with such type of soil. It was found that with the increase of the soil saturation, the geothermal energy pile heat transfer performance has increased in both heating and cooling. The improvement shown by the saturated sand was in terms of the rate of the heat transfer between the pile and the sand. It was also found that the increase in density showed a minimal improvement in the heat transfer of the geothermal energy pile, however the effect was more pronounced on the soil, as the dense sand exchanged the heat faster to the surrounding atmosphere compared to the loose sand.