This paper is an attempt to cast light on the impact of land-use change in Dhofar and its consequences on pastoral groups and the pastoral economy as a whole. The main focus will be on camel pastoralists and their economic potential for the following considerations: First, camels are large sized animals and have an economic value when compared with other livestock. Second, camel pastoralism requires large grazing grounds. Hence, grazing activities cannot be confined to limited areas. Third, in Dhofar camel pastoralism is depended on the seasonality of the weather and pasture. Fourth, camels are the most affected animals by the land-use change and development projects. Fifth, camels are considered as the most serious ecological liability. In Dhofar, traditional pastoralists own the largest numbers of livestock in the whole of the Sultanate. Now, the progressive land-use change has firmly deprived them from traditional pasture land. The alternative for this pastoral groups and their economy is unknown and the future is unpromising.