This study seeks to address and explore the history of the town of Liwa and its district villages from a political and civilization prospective during ( 1034AH / 1624AD - 1390AH / 1970AD.The lady researcher has resorted to the historical approach which leans on analysis and deduction , through dependence on official documents that mirror the administrative side of the town and its district villages , as well as , resources and references , and conducting interviews which have given a hand in analyzing the social and economic condition in Liwa . This study has been divided into an Introduction, a Preface, four Chapters and a Conclusion. The Preface discusses definition of the geographical site of Liwa Town and its district villages in addition to identification of the reason behind naming it as such, names of the villages located in Liwa, and historical significance of Liwa Town and its district villages during old ages. While Chapter 1 probes the political situations in Oman before establishment of Al - Yaareba Dynasty, traces the role played by them during that era and sheds more light on the political importance of Liwa Town as well during the reign of both Al - Yaareba and Al - Busaid Dynasties, Chapter 2 discusses the administrative aspect of Liwa Town and its district villages as it exerted efforts to name the Walis and Magistrates who held such designations during the study - term. Chapter 4 explores the social and cultural position prevailing in Liwa Town and its district villages through mentioning Liwa as a Customs Post and the maritime activities done and practiced by the local people. This study concludes to several findings, most important of which is, it has revealed and unmasked the political role of Liwa Town and its district villages as it had been chosen to be a military post to mobilize armies to subject the neighboring towns, it also charted the administrative structure the town and the district villages had then during the period monitored by this study. Moreover, the study has projected out the social position prevailing in Liwa, being associated with customs and traditions and folklore as well as identification of cultural activity of the town and its villages. The study has also crystallycle ared the economic significance of Liwa Town during the reign of Al- Yaareba and AlBusaid Dynasties.