The study seeks to compare the aims (maqāṣid) of Reward and Punishment between the Quranic text and the Islamic doctrinal ideology and their impact on the Muslim's behavior. It intends to achieve this by exploring these aims in the Qur'anic text and investigating how they are dealt with by the doctrinal ideology and then comparing this with the Qur'anic approach in building issues on aims. By doing so, it aims to explore the extent to which the Islamic doctrinal ideology is close or far from the Qur'anic text in its rooting of Reward and Punishment based on divine purposes, and how building the issue on purposes could influence the life of Muslims today. The study is based on the following research methods; inductive, analytical, deductive, comparative, and critique. The study is divided into three chapters, preceded by an introduction which provides a definition of Reward and Punishment and their concepts in the Holy Qur'an, a discussion of the characteristics of the Islamic doctrinal ideology, and its most famous researched schools. The first chapter deals with "The Aims of Reward and Punishment in the Holy Qur'an" and explores some of the verses of Reward and Punishment stated in the Holy Qur'an in this life and the hereafter and the analysis of these verses in some Qur'an interpretation books in order to draw out the purposes of the Holy Qur'an in establishing this principle (Reward & Punishment). The second chapter focusses on "The Aims of Reward and Punishment in the Islamic Doctrinal Ideology", by tracing what has been written about Reward and Punishment by some scholars of fundamentals of religion in the most famous theological schools in Islam (Abadhi, Mu'tazila, Ash'ari, and Maturidi), analyzing their argument and comparing it against how it is based on aims by the Holy Qur'an in order to disclose the dominant approach in rooting this chapter, and the extent to which these scholars are close to or far from the Qur'anic intensions. The third chapter deals with "The Effects of the Aims of Reward and Punishment on the Muslim's Behavior," by deducing the behavioral and social impact from some of the divine aims of Reward and Punishment so that the greatness of building dogmatic issues on aims is manifested. The study concluded that the Qur'anic text has built the principle of Reward and Punishment on a number of aims which are more regulating for the behavior of an individual and the society and more successful in enabling Muslims to win the great reward in the hereafter. Concerning the Islamic doctrinal ideology, it has avoided the divine intentional view in dealing with it in the chapter of wac d and wac īd (Promise and Threat), which has a serious influence on the behavior of the present Muslim. Therefore, Muslims need to understand the concepts of Reward and Punishment by deducing it within the parts of the Qur'anic context that are related to the intentional dimension.