The aim of this thesis is to highlight the role of the Sultanate as a mediator in solving various conflicts and disputes that occur in the region. The thesis presents an analytical study of the theoretical strategies used to conduct mediation work and compares these with the strategies used by the Sultanate when it intervenes as a mediator when resolving a dispute. First of all, extensive information is provided on the concept of mediation, its historical implications for the science of mediation and its importance in solving various conflicts facing the global community. The thesis also compares the concept of mediation in Western culture and in the Arab culture. In addition, it explains the concept of mediation in Omani society. The mediator, whether this means an individual or a state, must be careful to choose the correct strategy to ensure the success of the mediation process. The thesis also discusses historical mediation efforts -undertaken by the Sultanate during its long history. The thesis analyses all these mediation processes and compares them with the contingency model in order to reveal the extent to which the reality of Omani mediation is consistent with mediation theories. The thesis indicates that there are six sources for the success of Omani mediation and these factors have helped the Sultanate to succeed in mediation operations.. The thesis also points out that there are a number of factors that give Omani mediation a special flavor and make it unique with respect to other mediation processes carried out by various countries in the region. The thesis presents various proposals for the development of Omani mediation, such as creating a division or a department in the Omani Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the task of which is to train Omani experts to carry out international negotiations and mediation. It is also suggested that there should be training programs operating between the Government of the Sultanate and International Governmental Organizations (IGOs), such as the United Nations. Furthermore, it is proposed that seminars be held in the field of international negotiation and mediation between the Government of the Sultanate and other countries interested in this important field. There is also a need for strong cooperation between the Omani Ministry of Foreign Affairs and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) and multi-national corporations (MNCs) that have a long history of experience in the field of mediation. The thesis reveals that the Sultanate of Oman has followed certain strategies when conducting mediation work, which has led to international acclaim and recognition, especially when it mediated between Iran and the West to resolve the Iranian nuclear file. In conclusion it is proposed that an organization with members from all Muslim countries should be established and this is to be called the Islamic Mediation Organization; its mission is to try to resolve tension arising from religious diversities in the region. This organization should benefit from the Sultanate's experience in carrying out the work of international mediation.