The study aimed to identify the challenges that school leadership faced during the Covid-19 pandemic in the Sultanate of Oman from the point of view of school principals and the methods in which they dealt with them, and to determine whether there were statistically significant differences between the responses of principals about these challenges according to the variables (gender, educational phase, and period of experience in school leadership).. To achieve the study's objectives, the descriptive approach was employed, and a questionnaire was prepared of (46) phrases whose validity and reliability were confirmed. The phrases of the questionnaire were classified into four axes: challenges related to the teacher, challenges related to the student, challenges related to the student's guardian, and challenges related to the school environment. The questionnaire was directed to the entire study society amounted by (157) principals in Al Dakhiliyah Governorate in the Sultanate of Oman. The data was statistically processed depending on the arithmetic means and standard deviations, and the T-test and one-way ANOVA (analysis of variance) were used. The study reached some results, the most important of which are: - The means of the challenges that school leaders faced during the Covid-19 pandemic, from the point of view of principals of elementary schools, ranged between (4.19 to 4.48), which indicate a degree of challenge ranging from high to very high. - There are no statistically significant differences between the respondents' responses to these challenges due to variables of gender, educational phase, and years of experience in the school leadership, in all aspects and at the level of the total score. - Principals took a set of measures to confront the Covid-19 pandemic, in various axes of study, such as: holding training workshops for the use of educational platforms; taking into account the social and economic aspects for dyslexic students; and other procedures. In the light of the educational literature's analysis and the study's results, the study provides a set of recommendations, including: providing more opportunities for principals to participate in decision-making related to facing crises as appropriate, giving more powers to principals to perform their work well and to get benefit from their practical experience, contributing to raise efficiency of principals to plan, face various crises, and develop their leadership skills through training programs and various courses during service, preparing government schools to face any crisis that may occur in the future, such as strengthening the Internet networks, increasing the number of classes to reduce the students' number in the one class, providing spacious and clean places for students to eat meals during break etc. The recommendations also included caring about other studies about the leadership role in how to plan for managing various future crises and what is the role of leaders after these crises in other governorates of the Sultanate.