The aim of this study is to identify the reality of disaster management in records departments in Omani government institutions by identifying the extent to which disaster management practices in records departments are consistent with the Guidelines on Disaster Prevention and Control in Archives (ICA_Study11) issued by the International Council of Archives (ICA) and the controls adopted by the National Records and Archives Authority of the Sultanate of Oman in this regard. And to identify the extent of awareness of those working in these departments of the procedures followed to protect archival documents. In addition to identify the challenges facing the adoption of a disaster management plan in records departments from the viewpoint of those working in these departments. The study adopted a mixed methods approach to achieve its research objectives. Checklist form, questionnaire and semi-structured interview were used to collect the required data from a study sample consisting of (11) records departments of Omani governmental institutions, (95) employees from these departments and interviews were conducted with (11) officials (director and deputy director) from these departments. The study found out many findings, which the most important were: the percentage of disaster management practices in records departments conforming to the guidelines on disaster prevention and control was (34.4%), as there was no disaster management plan and a list of possible sources of hazards in most records departments. In addition, most of the institutions did not allocate financial items to cover disaster management expenses in their documents departments. Also, most of these departments did not have (in their parent institutions) places that could be used as alternative areas for temporary storage during disasters. Moreover, some of these departments did not have many systems and ط equipment for disaster prevention and control, such as gas fire extinguishing systems. The study also showed that despite the mean average of awareness of the staff of the records departments for the rules and measures of disaster safety reached (3.77), which was equivalent to "somewhat literate", they were not sufficiently aware of the method of using risk fighting equipment and the cases associated with the use of each type, such as hand extinguishers available in their departments. On the other hand, the study noted the existence of some practices regarding saving the collections of the records departments from disasters, but these practices were insufficient to recover damaged documents, because they did not base on scientific foundations. The findings of study further showed a set of challenges that prevent to adopt a disaster management plan in records departments, which the most important were: Weak financial allocations for disaster management, heavy reliance on the decisions of the parent institution in providing needs and conduct business, lack of senior management awareness of the importance of adopting a disaster management plan, lack of training programs in the field of disaster management in records departments, and the National Records and Archives Authority did not organize courses in disaster management field. The study made a number of recommendations, the most important of which are: Issue a general guide for disaster management in records departments by the National Records and Archives Authority, and each institution must prepare an integrated disaster management plan that takes into account its document management requirements. Also, allocate financial items within the general budget of the parent institution to cover management disasters expenses in records departments, and in addition to providing these departments with the systems and equipment they lack in disaster prevention and control. And finally, raise the awareness of the staff of the records departments by organizing courses in the disaster management field in coordination with the National Records and Archives Authority.