English abstract
This study aimed to construct collective heuristic program and find out its
effectiveness to improve self concept for the children deprived of their parents
in the state of Oman. The studied sample consisted of 20 children from Al
Khood child care center; the sample of interest is grouped into two random
groups each of 10 members, the experimental group and the controlling
(reference) group.
The program was based on the strategy of guiding through playing as it
suits the sample age. The program consisted of 20 sessions (twice a week), each
of (60-80) minutes. This study considered the heuristic program as an
independent variable while the self concept for the orphans is considered as a
dependent variable.
To test the hypothesis of the study, the mean and the standard deviation for
the self concept were calculated for both the experimental and the controlling
groups on both the dimensional and tracking scales.
Mann Whitney test was used to check the indication for the differences
between the males and the females results for the self concept according to the
dimensional scale in the experimental sample, we also used Wilkinson signed
rank test to find out for the indications of the differences of the results for the
experimental sample after the tracking period according to the scale of self
concept.
The study shows differences of statistical indication between the results of
the concept of self for the two groups; the experimental and the controlling; this
difference is for the experimental group according to both the dimensional scale
and tracking scale. It is noticed that there is an increase in concept of self
readings for the experimental group compared to the controlling group which is
due to the collective heuristic program that is applied at the experimental group.
The study also found differences between the two genders according to the
dimensional scale of the concept of self specifically in the social dimension; it
shows full scale for the benefit of female.
The study doesn't indicate any differences between the readings for the
readings of the experimental group measured directly after finishing the
program and after the tracking period according to concept of self scale, which
indicates continuity of the effect of the program.
The study concludes that the heuristic program is that is based on guiding
by playing strategy is effective in improving the concept of self for the orphans .
