This study aims at investigating an important aspect of grammatical studies among legists and jurispradents and their methodology in such studies, showing the points of similarities and differences between the grammarians and the legists in the study of the condition. The conditional structures and issues were of central importance for both grammarians and lestists. Its importance among the latter has increased because of its close relation to jurisprudential laws and provisions. Thus they focused on the semantic dimension of the condition more than the functional one. The grammarians on the other hand were concemed more with the theory of the governor' and so they focused on issues of jussive forms, operative and non-operative particles, their functions, and they also studied condition matters in adverbs, metonymy, and particles. Legists on the other hand focused on the condition in the linguistic principles, meanings of particles, and semantic areas and methods such as the implied and spoken, and the generio and specific aspects. Through and analytical and descriptive examination, the study highlights the points of similarities and differences between the two fields, both in methodology and topics. The study arrives at the following conclusions: Both parties were in agreement on the study of condition and its functional and semantic issues, but they differ in their methodologies and topics. The grammarians focused on the functional approach based on the theory of government, the legists on the other hand were concerned with meaning T The legists deeply considered the contextual environment of the structure and paid much attention to the speaker's culture and background in Arabic, the sources of speech, intentions, and messages involved. They looked into the nature of the condition and whether it is within speaker's knowledge, circle, and ability or within the hearer's They tried to relate this to the divine will and irrealities. This was evident in their study of a number of structures, such as the deletion of the connector when obligatory and the changing the glottal stop of "Pinna" to "Panna". Consequently, they were able to trace all forms of condition structures to get to the desired meaning