The current study aimed at identifying the relationship between learners Autonomy and academic self-efficacy beliefs in online learning environment at Sultan Qaboos University in the Sultanate of Oman. The sample of the study consist of (158) male and female. The study used two measures: Autonomy scale (Bei et al., 2020) and it contains two dimensions (personal Autonomy and academic Autonomy). The study also used the online learning self-efficacy scale (Zimmerman & Kulikowich 2016), and it consists of three dimensions (learning in the online environment, time management, and technology use), and the validity and reliability of the measures were verified. The results indicated that there were high levels of autonomy and academic self-efficacy beliefs, and there were no statistically significant differences due to the gender in autonomy and academic self-efficacy beliefs. The results also indicated statistically significant differences in learning in the online environment in the academic year variable in favor of third-year students or more, and the study revealed Predictability of academic self-efficacy beliefs through learner autonomy.