The study aimed to identify the roles of records specialists of government institutions in light of Oman Vision 2040. This was achieved by identifying the importance of records specialists' participation in achieving the Oman Vision 2040 in government institutions, identifying the areas in which records specialists can participate to achieve the vision objectives, identifying the challenges that may limit the participation of records specialists in achieving the vision objectives, and identifying the strategies that may enhance the participation of records specialists in achieving the vision objectives. The study adopted the mixed method approach combines and integrates the quantitative and qualitative data. In the first stage, the content analysis tool was used to analyze the Oman Vision 2040 document. The tool was also used to analyze the laws, regulations, guidelines, and specifications issued by the National Records & Archives Authority and other authorities related to the roles of records specialists. In the second stage, a questionnaire tool was used to gather data on records specialists working in (21) ministries and (13) government organizations to achieve the objectives of the study, whereby the total number of responses reached (244). In the third stage, the semi structured interview tool was applied to (6) directors of departments and section heads of records and archives departments in a number of ministries and government organizations. The study concluded that the roles of records specialists are of great importance in the realization of Oman Vision 2040 with an average of (3.82) in the study community participants. It was found that there are a number of areas in which records specialists can participate in the realization of Oman Vision 2040, these are: governance, support to decision-makers, connectivity and integration, digital transformation, service development, economic development, knowledge and learning, knowledge dissemination, and support to scientific research. Also, the results showed, with a large degree and with an average of (3.78), that the records specialists are facing human, technical, administrative, financial and legislative challenges that prevent them from participating in Oman Vision 2040. These challenges are mostly represented in: lack of qualified human competencies, lack of specialized training courses for records specialists, slow digital transformation, and the lack of current systems for managing electronic documents and records that meet the requirements of the National Records & Archives Authority. In addition, lack of interest from the decision makers towards the documents and records departments, and low allocation of budgets dedicated to the documents and records departments in the ministries and government organizations. The results showed that there are strategies that can contribute to the participation of records specialists in achieving the Oman Vision 2040. Most notably: developing strategies to protect the important documents against disasters, errors and vandalism, and digitizing modern and old government documents and transactions, allocating sufficient budget for the digital transformation of documents and records departments, training the specialists working in the documents and records departments for the digital transformation, and organizing exhibitions and workshops for records of national importance. The study concluded with a number of recommendations, of which the most notably are: The Oman Vision 2040 Implementation Office should make more efforts to educate the documents and records departments in enhancing the records specialists' awareness of the administrative and technical indicators that the vision aims to achieve. The decision makers and institutions need to inform and educate records specialists with the objectives of Oman Vision 2040 and the need to address the slow pace of digital transformation and weak infrastructure. It is important for records specialists to organize workshops at the institutions in which they work to sensitize employees on correct documents and records management practices. In addition, the National Records & Archives Authority needs to organize workshops for records specialists to educate and train them on latest developments in records management, and to spread awareness among decision makers and officials in government institutions regarding the standard specifications that must be used in document management systems in institutions.