This study analyses the role of the political and scientific agents and the political British consuls in Oman in the reign of Sultan Sayyid Turki bin Said and his son Sultan Sayyid Faisal bin Turki. It clarifies the effectiveness of the British Political Residency in Oman at that time, and the Political and scientific work the British diplomat representatives had performed in Oman in order to protect the interests of their country. They have done their best to maintain the Omani-British relations against any external or internal influence. The study provides a profile of the lives of prominent agents and consuls in Oman during the selected period for this study with an explanation of their political and scientific role and important tasks. The study relies on what they wrote and the political and scientific work they carried out in Muscat residency. This study is important because it sheds light on the reality of Oman in a very important period witnessed an international competition for the region. The political and scientific role of the British political agents was very clear, which encouraged the researcher to pay attention to this subject. The most important goals sought by the researcher are to identify lives of these agents and consuls and the most important Political roles in which they participated in Oman, to clarify the international rivalry to win the friendly relationship with the rulers of Oman, and to highlight the scientific and literary production of British Political agents. The researcher adopted the descriptive approach of history analysis in writing this study. The preamble discusses the Britain's relationship with Oman, the beginning of British orientation, and the first political British agents. This study was divided into three chapters, The first chapter discusses the political British agents in the reign of Sultan Sayyid Turki bin Said and their Political role. The second chapter focuses on British Political agents and consuls in the reign of Sultan Sayyid Faisal bin Turki and their Political role. The third chapter talks about their reports and scientific writings. The study concludes the importance of the Oman's geographical location, and the support of the Oman's rulers to Britain in the region, which helped it in achieving its objectives. The Political and scientific role of British Political agents was clear in Oman which has seen 22 Political British agents and consul in that period, whether in a permanent or temporary basis. It revealed their tasks, controls of the Political position they were occupying, and the administrative structure through which their documents underwent to reach the British government in India. The scientific writings they wrote about Oman became an important historical and geographical sources upon which the historian relies and cites. This study relies on a number of historical sources which are the letters and administrative reports exchanged between the agents in Muscat and their subordinates in Bushehr and India issued by the residency in Muscat. Beside It utilizes the relevant Omani and foreign sources; namely: Al-Salmi, Al-Mughairy, Lorimer, Miles, Badger, and Wilson.