Traffic accidents are one of the most serious threats to the safety of individuals in contemporary civil societies, due to the wide spread of vehicles of all kinds. Consequently, numbers of injuries or deaths occur, in addition to physical damage in communities. Therefore, legislators sought to enact laws and legislations that guarantee the greatest possible protection for those affected by these incidents. This is because that the legislator knows that the affected person is the weaker party in return for the insurance company. It is important to mention that the compulsory insurance system is one of the most important means that provide the necessary protection for those affected by traffic accidents. In view of the critical importance of the compulsory vehicle insurance system, and its guarantee of the rights of those affected by vehicle accidents, the significance of the study appears as it attempts to provide a better understanding of the topic. Therefore, this dissertation is divided into three chapters preceded by preliminary chapter, In the preliminary chapter, the concept of insurance in terms of content and types is discussed in the first section. Whereas, the second section highlights two issues: the characteristics of the insurance contract and the pillars of the insurance contract. The first chapter deals with the scope of compulsory insurance for vehicle accidents. While the first section is the scope of compulsory insurance in terms of vehicles. The second section is devoted to the scope of compulsory insurance in terms of damages. Chapter II, the researcher examines the provisions on liability for vehicle accidents. In the first section, the researcher discusses about the tort liability in terms of the legal basis for tort as a first issue, and the compensation for the damage resulting from it as second one. The researcher also tackles the contractual liability in terms of the legal basis, and compensation for the damage resulting in the second section. The third chapter deals with the procedures of litigation and judicial jurisdiction. In the first section, the direct lawsuit of the victim and the recourse suit are presented. Whereas, In the second section, the researcher examines the jurisdiction, methods of proof and defenses in the case of the victim. The main findings of the study and a number of recommendations are listed in the conclusion.