This study aims to trace the history, status, and formation of the judiciary in Oman from the beginning of Islam until the end of the second Ibadi Imamate, as it constituted a source of strength in the Omani history. The study also examines the issues related to the organization of the administrative apparatus of the judiciary, its characteristics, and its most prominent features, as well as highlighting the contributions of judges and their role in public life. In her study, the researcher relies on Omani jurisprudential sources, both manuscript and printed, using a descriptive analytical method. The study is divided into four main chapters, as well as an introduction and preface, to present the general concept of the topic understudy on the one hand, and to understand the political situation in Oman during the period studied on the other hand. The chapters of the study are divided as follows: Chapter I discusses the historical development of the judiciary in Oman from the beginning of Islam until the end of the second Ibadi Imamate. Chapter II examines the regulations of the administrative apparatus of the judiciary, while the Chapter III highlights the characteristics and manifestations of the judiciary. Chapter IV focuses on the contributions of judges and their role in public life. This study comes up with a number of conclusions, including: - The formation of the judiciary in Oman and its organizations began small with the rise of the First Ibadi Imamate. Despite the fact that the political organization of the Imamate ended after two years, the practice of the judiciary was maintained by the scholars during the transitional period between the two Imamates (132-177AH / 749-794AD). As soon as the Omanis revived their political project by declaring the second Imamate (177 AH / 749 CE), the Imamate started to deepen its roots and impower its various administrative institutions, including the judiciary. This resulted in the establishment of a judicial institution that witnessed many developments and advanced, if not integral, litigation procedures. - The judges of Oman were the main drivers of the Imamate political system, and the most vigilant among the People of Power and Influence, in addition to being Imams in some cases, participating in wars, and leading military confrontations. - The judges enriched the cultural and intellectual life with their books, which later became the basis for encyclopedic authorship, most importantly the production of Judge Muhammad bin Mahboub which exceeded eight books in: jurisprudence, faith, rulings, administration, and Sharia policy.